英语既是一门学科，但又不仅仅是一门学科。英语学习包含的听、说、读、写、译几项基本技能都是核心素养提升的关键点。然而在近些年高考复习备考中，我们过多倾力于阅读和写作，对翻译能力的关注和训练却显得微乎其微。
实际上，“翻译是人类最古老的语言活动和思维活动之一”。翻译是一种复杂的跨语言、跨学科、跨文化沟通过程，它与其他技能具有同样重要的地位，而且翻译水平的提高对英语核心素养的提升大有裨益。
那么如何有效地提升学生的翻译水平呢？为了凸显学生在学习中的主体地位，推荐使用“译学法”实现能力提升和成绩突破。
张培成老师在《汉英对比与英语学习》一书中提出了“英语译学法”， 即“通过翻译和对比来学习英语”的方法，为中学英语的翻译和书面表达的训练指明了方向。
“译学法”的目的是为了转换学生学习英语的观念，将“英语这句话怎么理解”转变为“汉语这句话用英语怎么表达”。这种方式不仅能够有效提升学生的阅读理解能力，更能较好地提升其书面表达能力，培养其英语思维习惯。在教学中，我们如果能指导学生利用好“译学法”，一定会事半功倍的。
开始使用“译学法”时，务必选好语篇或文段，有目的地针对练习，这样才能真正掌握地道英语，训练英语思维。
我们在日常上课过程中不难发现，大部分学生在阅读英语文章或者做阅读试题时，只是为了看懂、看明白而已。然而他们看了多遍的文章后却难以说出其中的内容、表达或者优美的句子，故此会出现“一直都在努力学英语，又一直都学不会、说不出、写不对”的奇怪现象。
面对这种现状，在新高考新教材的背景下，我们可以建议学生使用译学法尝试突破。不是止步于看懂读明白，而是争取在同样主题语境下表达汉语时能够不由自主地道地说出英语表达。
例如2019人教版新教材必修第一册第四单元Natural Disasters，隶属于人与自然之自然灾害与防范话题。在此话题下课文中的地道表达如：
…bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. Tangshan began to revive itself and get up on its feet again.
等句子，读着理解起来并不难，但是在类似话题下能准确地道地输出出来却不是很容易。阅读之后合起课本，学生能回忆出多少句子？
假如让学生描写“郑州720暴雨”，他们是否会想到使用这些句式呢？我们可以引导学生依样表述出：
Clouds gathered and a storm burst. Bright lights were seen in the sky and loud noises were heard. Zhengzhou turned into an ocean in an instant. Several days later, the city began to breathe and get up on its feet again. However, misfortunes never come singly, and the epidemic began to attack the city again. With strong support from the government, the army, hospitals and volunteers from all over our country, Zhengzhou was soon rebuilt and repaired.
又如新教材必修第二册第四单元History and Traditions，隶属于人与社会之历史事件、文化渊源话题，在此话题下课文中的地道表达如：
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.等，也可以用来讲好中国故事。
我们介绍中国地名（如无锡）的由来时就可以借鉴：
Wuxi has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the city. There is so much more to learn about the interesting history of Wuxi. In the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, this place was rich in tin mines, and people mined it one after another. Because of its rich tin mines, it was called “Youxi”. Then in the late Western Han Dynasty, the tin mines here were completely excavated, so it was renamed “Wuxi”. Studying the history of the city will make your visit much more enjoyable.
再如新教材必修第三册第二单元Morals and Virtues，隶属于人与自我之优秀品行、正确的生活态度、公民义务与社会责任话题，所选语篇中的地道表达如：
Her heart, however, was elsewhere. She was more interesting in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children ... As doctors, we should be responsible for the patients and treat them as sisters. And even as she lay dying, her final thoughts were for others.
在描写身边英雄或偶像（如感动中国十大人物之张桂梅）时候是否可以脱口而出：
Her heart, however, was elsewhere. She was more interesting in teaching. Zhang Guimei saw the misfortune of many poor rural families. She spared no effort to raise funds and set up a free women’s high school. As a teacher, she is responsible for all the students and treats them as her own children. And even as she lay in hospital, her thoughts were for her students.”
通过这样形式的学习，才能真正实现语言知识的迁移和内化。
除了教材，高考真题素材也是很好的选择，因为真题阅读材料大多为外版报刊杂志上原汁原味的精选文章，非常有利于培养学生的英语思维，也有利于增强其文化意识。通常我们认为英语阅读理解的备考就是多背单词、多积累一些短语和固定搭配、学会分析长难句，然后多刷真题，读多了、做够了，自然阅读能力就提高了。
实际上，我们要真正提升阅读能力，仅做这些是远远不够的。而如果我们引导学生选择“译学法”进行深度学习，不仅有助于语言能力的提高，更有利于思维品质的优化。
以2021年浙江卷中C篇阅读为例，其首段为：
If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.
乍一看，学生基本能够理解大概意思：如果你有过这样的印象，你的狗能“分辨”出你是满意还是恼怒，那么你可能发现了什么。根据一项新的研究，狗可能确实能够辨别快乐和愤怒的人脸。
但是如果让我们翻译“区别出你是满意还是恼怒”、“有点眉目”等，我们是否会一下子反映出tell whether … or 、be onto something、distinguish between … and等表达？
如果生活中要表达婴儿对人脸情绪的感知，我们能否使用所学直接表达：
If you ever get the impression that babies can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Babies may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces.
此外，想描写好学生的学习状态时，是否会结合该语篇中
Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.
想出
Successful students realize that good habits means the same thing as good methods.
呢？
总之，使用“译学法”学习英语，不仅能帮助学生练就“火眼金睛”，随时“扫描”地道表达、经典句型等，有助于养成学以致用的良好学习习惯，更在很大程度上训练了学生的英语思维，真正实现了英语学习（输入与输出）的闭环。“译学法”还有利于学生自主进行深度学习，提升其学习力，终身受益。
